{"id":14087,"date":"2020-11-21T05:26:33","date_gmt":"2020-11-21T05:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/carcinoma-de-celulas-de-merkel\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T16:58:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T16:58:47","slug":"merkel-cell-carcinoma","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/en\/carcinoma-de-celulas-de-merkel\/","title":{"rendered":"Merkel Cell Carcinoma"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"textBlock\">\n<div class=\"cmsBlock\">\n<div class=\"cmsBlock__shortcode\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmsBlock__title\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Rare and Aggressive Form of Skin Cancer<\/h1>\n<p>Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) represents a rare skin neoplasm, characterized by its highly aggressive potential and its tendency to metastasize to other areas of the body. Historically, this condition has been known by various names, including Toker's tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, trabecular cell carcinoma, and primary small cell carcinoma of the skin.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textBlock imageLinkBlockTitle\">\n<h2 class=\"colour--primary\">Representative Images of Merkel Cell Carcinoma<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"imageLinkBlock\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/mcc__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd.jpg\" alt=\"To guide clinical decisions, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) periodically publishes its consensus guidelines regarding the treatment of this carcinoma.\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Image courtesy of Bob Rossborough<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/mcc2__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd.jpg\" alt=\"Prognosis Evaluation in Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma.\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Image courtesy of Catherine Skiens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/eyelid-merkel-1__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd.jpg\" alt=\"Generally, five-year survival rates for diagnosed patients range between 30% and 50%. Survival prospects are notably better for those patients diagnosed in stage 1 and for younger individuals, compared to those in whom the disease has already developed metastases or for patients over 80 years of age.\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Merkel Cell Carcinoma<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"clearfix imageLinkBlock\"><\/div>\n<h2>Epidemiological Profile: Who is most susceptible to Merkel Cell Carcinoma?<\/h2>\n<p>Merkel Cell Carcinoma has a low incidence, estimated at 0.23 per 100,000 people among Caucasian populations. This prevalence is considerably lower when compared to melanoma.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Various oncology centers have reported a steady increase in the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinomas in recent years.<\/li>\n<li>MCC predominantly affects the elderly population, with the majority of diagnoses made in individuals over 50 years of age.<\/li>\n<li>There is a slight inclination toward affecting the male sex.<\/li>\n<li>Typically, this lesion is located in areas of the body that receive frequent sun exposure, with the head and neck being primary sites of appearance.<\/li>\n<li>The risk increases drastically and the severity of the disease is greater in immunocompromised patients, including those who have received solid organ transplants, have Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, suffer from hematological malignancies, or are under immunosuppressive therapies such as azathioprine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\"><\/div>\n<h2>Key Clinical Features for the Diagnosis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma<\/h2>\n<p>Clinically, Merkel cell carcinoma usually manifests as a solitary nodule, which has a reddish tone and is characterized by its rapid growth. It is important to note that its initial presentation can be confused with more common skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, although MCC notably surpasses these in proliferation speed.<\/p>\n<p>These tumors have a notable capacity to spread efficiently through the lymphatic system, which can manifest as the appearance of multiple metastases in adjacent lymph nodes.<\/p>\n<p>It is possible that recurrences <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2343\">develop<\/span> around the original tumor (known as local recurrence or <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1074\">It is essential to remember that HNC exhibits a considerable rate of<\/span>). Merkel cell carcinoma also has the capacity to spread to the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1775\"><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2123\">lymph nodes<\/span><\/span> regional lymph nodes, including those in the cervical area, the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"629\">armpits<\/span> and the groin. This risk increases if the primary tumors are thicker. Most of these recurrences are observed within two years following the initial diagnosis.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textBlock imageLinkBlockTitle\">\n<h2>Essential Information about Merkel Cell Carcinoma<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"imageLinkBlock\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/mcc3__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd.jpg\" alt=\"Visual example of Merkel Cell Carcinoma showing a reddish nodular lesion.\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Merkel Cell Carcinoma<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<\/section>\n<p>Understanding the aggressiveness and epidemiological profile of Merkel Cell Carcinoma is crucial for its early detection. Given its tendency for rapid metastasis, especially in immunocompromised patients, active surveillance of any rapidly growing nodule in sun-exposed areas should be a priority to optimize treatment options and improve prognosis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<figure>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/mcc4__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd.jpg\" alt=\"Another clinical example of Merkel Cell Carcinoma on sun-exposed skin.\" \/><figcaption class=\"p-small\">Image provided by Dr. Slavko Doslo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"clearfix imageLinkBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<figure>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/eyelid-merkel-2__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd.jpg\" alt=\"Merkel Cell Carcinoma located specifically on the eyelid region.\" \/><figcaption class=\"p-small\">Additionally, lower eyelid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearfix imageLinkBlock\"><\/div>\n<h1>What are the Causes of Merkel Cell Carcinoma?<\/h1>\n<p>Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been identified in approximately 80% of analyzed Merkel cell carcinomas. This virus is presumed to be responsible for inducing key genetic mutations <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"774\">mutations<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"871\">are being investigated.<\/span> that trigger the development of the carcinoma, especially in individuals with compromised immune function.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, those tumors classified as virus-negative have been consistently associated with high historical exposure to <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1908\">ultraviolet radiation<\/span>, ultraviolet radiation <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"311\">skin<\/span> , as the tumor usually manifests in skin locations that receive incidental sun exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Immunosuppression represents a fundamental risk factor that enormously facilitates the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2341\">development<\/span> development of Merkel cell carcinomas.<\/p>\n<p>Previous understandings indicated that Merkel cell carcinoma arose from the cutaneous <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"183\">Carcinoma<\/span> Merkel cells (pressure receptor cells). However, the most recent scientific evidence suggests an origin in early B cells (<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"421\">lymphocytes<\/span>lymphocytes). This hypothesis is based on cellular morphology <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"956\">morphology<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"187\">cellular<\/span>, the expression of characteristic B cell markers in early stages, and the existence of clonal rearrangement <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1678\">clonal<\/span> of the immunoglobulin chain. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"427\">immunoglobulin<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Merkel Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis Process<\/h2>\n<p>Any skin lesion presenting the clinical characteristics summarized in the acronym \u00abAEIOU,\u00bb which are identified in about 90% of patients diagnosed with this neoplasm, should prompt consideration of Merkel Cell Carcinoma:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A:<\/strong> A: Asymptomatic or painless.<\/li>\n<li><strong>E:<\/strong> E: Rapid expansion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>I:<\/strong> Immunosuppressed (the patient).<\/li>\n<li><strong>O:<\/strong> Over 50 years of age.<\/li>\n<li><strong>U:<\/strong> Fair skin exposed to UV light.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The main diagnostic tool remains the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"24\">biopsy<\/span> biopsy <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"223\">pathology<\/span> of the tumor, which reveals a distinctive <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1421\">immunohistochemistry<\/span> pathology <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2293\">transcription<\/span> of Merkel cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry.<\/p>\n<p>is very useful: cytokeratin-20 (CK20) is positive in up to 95% of tumors, while thyroid transcription factor (TTF1) is usually negative.<\/p>\n<p>It is crucial to perform a complete oncological evaluation, inspecting regional lymph nodes and employing staging studies to determine if metastatic spread has occurred.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The recommended procedures for correct staging include:.<\/li>\n<li>Sentinel lymph node biopsy. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1774\">lymph node<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lymph node evaluation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To complement the evaluation, the following advanced imaging studies may be required:<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1378\">ultrasound.<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>Performing an ultrasound (, <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"797\">computed tomography<\/span> (<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"799\">CT<\/span>), <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1410\">magnetic resonance imaging studies.<\/span> (<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1116\">ultrasound)<\/span>. Acquisition of images via X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"794\">Positron Emission Tomography<\/span> (<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"796\">PET scans.<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies.<\/p>\n<p>The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) standardizes a specific system for the classification by stages (staging) of Merkel cell carcinoma.<\/p>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\"><\/div>\n<h1>Long-term survival is significantly more likely if the regional lymph nodes remain free of tumor cells.<\/h1>\n<h1>What is the treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma<\/h1>\n<p>Treatments for Merkel Cell Carcinoma <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2339\">multidisciplinary<\/span>. Following the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), the usual protocol involves a multidisciplinary consultation. Because 5-year survival rates for MCC are around 50%, it is crucial to implement aggressive and early treatment, which frequently combines surgery with <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1326\">radiotherapy<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>radiotherapy. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"324\">Localized<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"848\">Excision<\/span> Management of Localized Disease <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1325\">radiotherapy<\/span> Surgical excision constitutes the fundamental treatment for primary Merkel cell carcinoma. It may be necessary to remove a wide margin around the tumor; however, this technique can be omitted if supplemented with.<\/p>\n<p>adjuvant therapy. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2115\">lesions<\/span> The primary site may be addressed with postoperative radiotherapy, especially for <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1854\">disease control<\/span> large lesions (greater than 2 cm). Radiation treatment leads to better.<\/p>\n<p>disease control both locally and regionally, optimizing long-term survival rates. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1738\">prophylactically<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Relevant lymph nodes can also be removed surgically or subjected to irradiation as a<\/h2>\n<p>prophylactic measure. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"380\">chemotherapy<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1619\">systemic sclerosis)<\/span> Treatment if Regional Lymph Nodes are Affected.<\/p>\n<h2>radiotherapy. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1000\">Metastatic<\/span> If the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, these can be surgically removed or treated with radiotherapy. In certain clinical scenarios, systemic<\/h2>\n<p>chemotherapy <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"241\">prognosis<\/span> can also be administered to control the spread.<\/p>\n<p>Management of Distant Metastatic Disease <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1987\">and<\/span> Any Merkel cell carcinoma presenting with distant metastases is considered an extremely serious condition with a <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2312\">disease control<\/span>, very poor prognosis. The therapeutic approach for metastatic disease focuses on improving the patient's quality of life. In specific cases, radiotherapy and\/or systemic chemotherapy can be used as palliative treatment.<\/p>\n<p>A positive response has been documented in up to 50% of patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma when treatment with <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"593\">immune checkpoint inhibitors <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"2311\">disease control<\/span><\/span> , specifically pembrolizumab and nivolumab, is used. The response observed to PD-1 blockade may manifest in virus-positive or negative subtypes. However, the response appears to be less significant in patients who have already received prior chemotherapy. Several clinical trials are currently underway evaluating these therapies. <\/p>\n<p>It is relevant to mention that the appearance of a new Merkel cell carcinoma has been reported during treatment with a.<\/p>\n<p>checkpoint inhibitor.<\/p>\n<p>administered to treat other neoplasms.<\/p>\n<h2>In March 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to another PD-1 \/ PD-L1 inhibitor agent, known as avelumab (Bavencio\u00ae), for the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. This approval was based on data from a clinical trial that demonstrated a response rate in one-third of treated patients.<\/h2>\n<p>Currently, research continues to explore experimental treatment with various innovative oncological agents.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carcinoma de C\u00e9lulas de Merkel: Una Forma Rara y Agresiva de C\u00e1ncer de Piel El Carcinoma de C\u00e9lulas de Merkel (CCM) representa una neoplasia cut\u00e1nea poco frecuente, caracterizada por su potencial altamente agresivo y su tendencia a metastatizar hacia otras \u00e1reas del cuerpo. Hist\u00f3ricamente, esta afecci\u00f3n ha sido conocida por diversas denominaciones, incluyendo el tumor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":409,"parent":0,"template":"","glossary-cat":[],"class_list":["post-14087","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.2 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas de Merkel - Dermatly.com - El sitio de tu piel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dermatly.com\/en\/merkel-cell-carcinoma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas de Merkel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carcinoma de C\u00e9lulas de Merkel: Una Forma Rara y Agresiva de C\u00e1ncer de Piel El Carcinoma de C\u00e9lulas de Merkel (CCM) representa una neoplasia cut\u00e1nea poco frecuente, caracterizada por su potencial altamente agresivo y su tendencia a metastatizar hacia otras \u00e1reas del cuerpo. 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